|
|
Integrated Scheme of OilSeeds,Pulses,Oilpalm and Maize |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2.8 COMPONENT-WISE OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES-OILSEEDS, PULSES AND MAIZE 2.8.1
Production
and Distribution of Seed i.
Shortage of quality seed continues
to be one of the major constraints in spread of new improved varieties/hybrids and
realizing their yield potential. Production of seed is time consuming, cost intensive and
risky under rainfed conditions in which oilseeds, pulses and maize are grown. Seed
production thus requires advance planning on the part of States taking following factors
into account: a.
increase
in area under crop; b.
varietal
replacement contemplated; c.
progressive
replacement of seed in case of self/open pollinated varieties; d.
area
expansion under hybrids; and e.
promotion
of the new varieties/hybrids ii.
The Management of Seed is the
responsibility of the State Governments in collaboration with the State and Central Seed
Producing Agencies. To ensure supply of quality seed, the State Governments shall prepare
a Five Year Seed Plan indicating requirement of breeder, foundation, and certified seeds
for each coming year and ensure their proper multiplication and distribution. iii.
The following chart indicates the
stages and time involved in production of quality seed:
iv.
Production and Supply of Breeders Seed: a.
ICAR
is the nodal agency for organising production and supply of breeders’ seed of
oilseed, pulses and maize crops. b.
State
Department of Agriculture (SDAs) and other indenting agencies will place their
variety-wise indents of breeders seed with Seed Division in the DOAC, with copies to
Technology Mission of Oilseeds and Pulses (TMOP&M) and its Directorates of Oilseeds
Development, Hyderabad and Directorate of Pulses Development, Bhopal for scrutiny and
onward transmission to Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to organise
production. c.
The
indent should be realistic and newly released recommended improved varieties, as far as
possible, should be given preference in placing the indents to facilitate their timely
spread. A list of varieties/hybrids of oilseeds, pulses and maize crops identified and
released from 1991 onwards for cultivation in different agro-climatic zones of the country
is given at Annexure-IV. d.
State
at times, are also placing indents of breeders seed directly to their SAUs, for production
and supply of breeder seed in respect of some popular national varieties, covered by ICAR
Programme, over and baove the indents placed by them with Government of India to get
additional supplies of breeders’ seed of these varieties. e.
In
respect of State-varieties of these crops, not covered by breeders’ seed production
programme being organized by DAC through ICAR, SDAs may place their indents with their
respective SAUs/Breeders’ Seed Production Agencies within State, in consultation with
TMOP&M in DAC and its Directorates. f.
In respect of varieties/hybrids included in the breeder’s
seed production programme being organised by ICAR, state will communicate their entire
requirement with justification to Seeds Division, as per schedule fixed, with copies to
TMOP&M and DOD, g.
Lifting
of breeder’s seed of varieties/hybrids, included in ICAR programme, by indenting
agencies and its supply to them by producing agencies will be strictly in accordance with
the allocation made by Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. h.
To
ensure lifting of breeders seed. Proceeding agencies may furnish immediately after the cut
off date a report on breeder seed stocks remaining unlifted and names of indenting
agencies who have failed to lift the seed together with reasons, if any. i.
A report on breeder seed lifted will also be furnished by
SDAs/Indenting Agencies to Seeds Division of DAC and other concerned by August and for
Kharif oilseeds and by November end for rabi oilseeds. j.
Non-lifting of breeder seed due to poor quality will be
reported immediately to the Head of Breeder seed producing agency, Assistant Director
General (Seeds). ICAR,. Krishi Bhawan, k.
An
assistance of Rs.175/- lakh per annum will be provided to ICAR for 124 posta sanctioned to
organize production of breeder seed of these crops. l.
The Breeder Seed will be lifted by the Indentors/allottees
from the production centres of ICAR/SAU’s against 100% payment of the cost in
accordance with uniform rates fixed for breeder’s seed by DAC (Govt. of India).
However, the entire cost of breeder seed to state- agenciesis reimbursed through state
Governments on 75:25 sharing basis between GOI and the States. v.
Production of Foundation Seed a.
Assistance
@ Rs.500/- per quintal will be provided to the SDAs, NSC, KRIBHCO, SFCI etc. to organize
production of foundation seed. It has however, been observed that though there is an
improvement in the availability of foundation seed, its production is still not
commensurate with the supply of breeder’s seed. Therefore, proper monitoring of the
conversion/multiplication of fondation seed has to be ensured under the guidance of
technical experts. b.
To
ensure achieving targeted seed multiplication ratio in conversion of breeders seed, an
approach suggested for certified seed production under seed village programme should be
adopted for production of foundation seed too. vi.
Certified Seed Production ( a.
Seed
village should be organised in each district based on the demand. This would ensure timely
availability of seed and reduce the handling cost. b.
Production
be organised under more assured irrigated conditions, for better yields and quality. c.
In
selection of seed villages, following aspects be kept in view: -
Selection of villages should be on long term/permanent basis
where more than
one crop (oilseed/pulse/maize) could be grown in different seasons to make seed
production a continuous activity with farmers in such villages. -
Fields selected should have irrigation facility. -
Seed villages under rainfed conditions be selected in
watershed areas with
provision to provide protective supplemental irrigation. -
Farmers involved should be progressive, willing to make
requisite investment on
inputs, eligible for crop-loans and other term credits and take collective action. -
A minimum limit of area and number of beneficiaries may also
be fixed for
eligibility of a village to receive assistance under seed village. -
Selection of the area will be done in consultation with
District Agriculture Officer (DDA/ADA) well in time and the area
selected for d.
The
assistance provided under Seed Village @ Rs.500/- per quintal a part of it i.e.Rs.375/-
per quintal be provided to farmers to meet the cost of certification, loss due to rouging
and under sized seed. Part of assistance be utilised to improve infrastructure and other
facilities for cleaning, grading, packing, etc. It is suggested that the specific amount
out of the total allocation of seed village programme may be set aside for creation of
these facilities in a phased manner. e.
Remaining
amount of Rs.125/- could be placed at the disposal of the procurement agencies
(SSC/OILFEDs,NSC,SFCI) towards handling, processing/cleaning/grading, transportation and
storage charges, etc. f.
To make perfect coordination and in-built monitoring of the
component, subsidy of Rs.500/- per qtl. (375+125) has to be routed through the Department
of Agriculture and distributed to beneficiaries through the District Agriculture Officer. g.
Besides
Seed Corporations and OILFEDS, NGOs, Private Agencies, KVKs could also be involved in
organizing seed village programme. h.
Seed
Producing agencies, in consultation with the SDA will finalize the judicious certified
seed production programme in which only promising/notified/l;atest varieties recommended
for the state will be inlcuded. i.
Long term strategy for seed village programme could be worked
out to organise production and marketing of certified seed through farmers seed
cooperatives while the Seed Corporations/OILFEDS etc. may concentrate their efforts on
production of breeder’s and foundation seed of new/improved varieties. j.
Farmers and field level functionaries involved in seed
villages will be provided all the requisite technical guidance and training with the
assistance available under “Farmers-Training” Component. Some of the general
demonstrations, could be allocated to seed villages by the State governments. k.
Contractual
obligations be made a prerequisite to financial assistance to ensure that
contracted/targeted quantities of seed are produced and supplied. l.
Timely lifting of seed and prompt payment to the farmers may
be ensured to create confidence amongst the farmers. m.
New varieties,
hybrids, should receive greater attention and space in the programme. n.
Old/absolete/de-notified
varieties and varieties identified for phasing out are not entitled for assistance under
seed village programme. o.
Seed
production should be monitored by special monitoring teams/seed certification teams. p.
Seed
Procurement, Cleaning and Storage: -
Procurement of seeds, their cleaning and storage are the most
crucial aspects of certified seed production. Therefore, the seed producing agencies
have to make provision for cleaning equipments at the proximity of Seed village.
The basic idea is to ensure the availability of locally recommended improved certified
seed varieties to the farmers within their approach at a reasonable price, thereby
improving the Seed Replacement Rate (SRR). -
State Govts, may involve different private
agencies/cooperatives/federations/ NGOs/SAUs etc having experience and infrastructure in
seed production programmes. -
The major difficulty, which might come in the way, is of
supplyof credit. States Govt. should find solution to this either by linking it up with
cooperative banks or with NABARD or with commercial banks. This would facilitate prompt
payment to the farmers for supply of seeds. -
The seed producing agencies will also ensure storage facility
in the proximity of vii.
Crash Programme For Quality Seed Production a.
Crash
programme for quality seed production of oilseeds and pulses will continue during X Plan. b.
As
this component is for meeting out the emergency/contingent requirement of seeds, that the
nodal agencies (NSC/SFCI) would also involve Federations/NGOs/registered seed
growers/SSCs, Private Agencies, etc. in crash seed production programme. c.
The
concerned State Governments may send their variety-wise requirements of seed production
under crash programme for above crops atleast six months ahead of crop production season
to TMOP&M. d.
Rate
of assistance on production of quality seed will be similar to Seed Village Scheme i.e.
Rs.375/-per qtl. to seed producer + Rs.125 per qtl. to handling agency. e.
The
procured quality seed will be graded and packed by the nodal agency (NSC/SFCI) and the
expenditure on processing and packing will be borne by these agencies out of the revolving
funds earlier provided by TMOP. f.
The seed production has to be arranged in the nearby areas to
the targeted areas to minimize transportation costs. g.
Fields
of crash programme will necessarily be inspected by a team consisting of the
representative of producing agency. Scientists of SAUs/ICAR Institutions, DAC twice in the
growing season first at pre flowering and second at the stage of maturity. h.
NSC/SFCI
will also avail assistance on distribution of Truthfully Labeled seed @ 25% of the cost of
seed limited to Rs.600/- per quintal whichever is less. viii.
Distribution of Certified Seed a.
The
assistance to the extent of 30% of the cost of the seed limited to Rs.800/- per quintal
will be available for supply of certified seed to farmers at subsidized prices. This
assistance will be available for all oilseeds, pulses and maize crop. However, no
assistance will be provided for varieties already de-notified/phased out. b.
An
assistance @ 25% of the seed cost or Rs.600/- per quintal whichever is less will also be
admissible for truthfully labeled seed of above crops only in cases where the following
conditions are fulfilled. -
In case of new varieties which have been identified and
recommended for release but awaiting notification, varieties/hybrids released at State
level by State Varietal Release Committee and in case of popular varieties having large
demand but limited certified seed production. -
The seed is obtained from Seed Village Programme/Registered
Seed Growers/NGOs/Seed Societies and Frontline/Block Demonstration/Crash Programme
organised under ISOPOM. -
The seed has been produced under the supervision of the known
agencies like ICAR/other Research Institutions/SAUs/OILFEDs/State Seed
Corporations/Cooperative Agencies in the States/NSC/SFCI and NGOs/Private Agencies
specifically identified for the purpose and having qualified manpower to supervise the
seed production. -
The processed graded commercial grain will not be termed as TL
seed and will not quality for subsidy. ix.
Distribution of Minikits – Varietal Diversification i.i
Minikits are
meant for introduction and popularization of latest released/prereleased varieties and
their propagation among the farmers. The Government has fixed a limit that up to 10 year
old varieties/hybrids will qualify for financial assistance under this programme. i.ii
In case of released varieties, only certified
seed will be supplied in minikits. i.iii
Hybrids of oilseed, pulse and maize crops are
allowed for distribution under minikits. i.iv
Though NSC will continue to be the nodal agency for
production, procurement of seeds of varieties/hybrids identified for distribution in
minikits, SFCI will also be producing and supplying minikits as per indents
placed/allocation made directly by TMOP&M. i.v
A committee under the chairmanship of the
Agriculture Commissioner, Government of India will decide the programme for distribution
of minikits of oilseeds, pulses and maize in consultation with the State Governments. The
Committee will have following compositions: 1.
Agriculture
Commissioner
- Chairman 2.
Joint
Secretary (TMOP)
- Member 3.
Director,
DOD, Hyderabad & DPD, 4.
Director
(TMOP)
- Member 5.
Representative
of Seeds Div. DAC
- Member 6.
Representative
of NSC/SFCI
- Member 7.
ADG
(Seeds), ICAR
- Member 8.
Project
Coordinators (FLDS), ICAR
- Member 9.
Director
Agriculture of the States or their representative - Member 10. Scheme Officer of TMOP&M
- Member 11. Experts/NGOs/Pvt. Sector as may be invited by TMOP -
Member i.vi The
Committee will be meeting before the commencement of each crop season i.e. in April for
Kharif and in August for Rabi/Summer season programmes to: -
review the requirements of the states, seed availability of
identified varieties. -
Review performance of varieties/hybrids distributed in the
states in previous season/years under seed Minikit distribution programmes -
formulate minikit distribution programme for the season -
review availability and production programmes of
breeder’s foundation and certificate seed of newly released varieties and hybrids -
review the programmes of the states for production of seeds of
the varieties/hybrids found most promising under minikit programmes for general
distribution to farmers -
identify the agencies amongst the SSCs, OILFEDS, KVKs, NGOs,
private sector, cooperative and public sector agencies having necessary technological and
infrastructure base to widen the seed production programmes. NSC will coordinate the
progamme with these agencies. i.vii
Seed Minikits will also contain seed treating chemicals,
Rhizobium Culture (for legumes) and recommended package of practices for the variety or
hybrid i.viii Crop-wise
size of the seed minikits will be as follows:
i.ix
The cost of seed minikits to be reimbursed to
NSC/SFCI and other minikit supplying agencies, if any, will be decided by a committee set
up under the chairmanship of the Joint Secretary (TMOP&M), with Director (TMOP&M),
Director (Finance) DAC, Deputy/Assistant Commissioner (O&P), SPC (Maize) and Under
Secretary, TMOP&M, representatives of NSC, SFCI and other minikit supplying agencies,
if any as members. i.x
The cut off dates for supply of minikits for
different seasons will be as follows: ·
Kharif premonsoon crops: April-end ·
Kharif normal season crops: May end ·
Late kharif crops like sunflower: July end ·
Early rabi crops like toria: August end ·
Rabi crops: 15th September ·
Summer crops : to State of peninsular and eastern
regions-November end and to States of northern and western regions – 15th
January. i.xi
The seed minikits of only new varieties will be
supplied by NSC/SFCI as per programme approved by TMOP&M. The minikits will be
supplied by NSC/SFCI to farmers through SDAs only. The cost of minikits will be reimbursed
to acknowledgement of seed minikits receipt by respective State Departments of
Agriculture. x.
Infrastructural Development Increased production of seed and its
storage is crucial for the success of the programme. States are, therefore, requested to
create appropriate need based infrastructure facilities for this purpose. Allocation in
respect of the component for the development of infrastructure has been made in the
scheme. The assistance for creation of infrastructure facilities will be available to seed
farms of the State Government, farms of the OILFEDs and State Seed Corporations and also
for compact areas taken up under the Seed Village Programme. The NSC and SFCI are also eligible for this assistance. a.
This
facility will be used for providing irrigation facilities on the farms by providing
bore-well/tube-well but will not be used for such works as lining of channels, levelling
of the fields, fencing on the farm, office building, etc. Whereas motor pump for water
discharge may be covered, charges for electrification, drawing of power lines and
energizing will not be covered. b.
In
order to create adequate storage facility, storage godown may be built up with the
provision for de-humidification wherever necessary. The size of the godown will be
directly linked to the production capacity of the farms for oilseed, pulses and maize
crops. Construction of threshing floors for proper drying and threshing is also permitted. c.
No
farm machinery will be permitted under the component of the infrastructure development.
Construction of godowns at seed village site can also be considered under the component. d.
Irrigation
component will include construction/deepening of well/tube well, cost of electric motor,
pump set and installation of sprinkler system. e.
Creation
of drip irrigation facility will not be considered under this programme. f.
To develop these facilities separate proposals must be sent by
the State Governments to the TMOP&M supported by estimates and construction plans as
per the latest schedule of rates of State PWD. This component will not be implemented
without prior and specific approval of DAC. g.
The
expenditure on storage/godowns development will be shared by States and Centre on 50:50
basis. However, assistance to NSC/SFCI will continue to be 100%. xi.
Assistance to NSC/SFCI for Production and Distribution of Seed i. To
supplement the efforts of States to augument supplies of certified seed to farmers at
reasonable prices, take advantage of the production and distribution network and technical
expertise available, financial assistance will also be made available to NSC and SFCI
under ISOPOM for the following: -
Production of foundation seed -
Organising Seed Village Programme for production of Certified
Seed -
Distribution of Certified Seed at subsidised price to farmers
in ISOPOM districts -
Distribution of seed minikits in special thrust areas
identified by TMOP&M -
Assistance to NSC for monitoring and inspection of
breeder’s seed production plots -
Assistance to NSC and SFCI for infrastructure development at
their seed farms for production of breeders and foundation and certified seeds. a.
While
implementing the above activities NSC and SFCI will follow the guidelines given in the
preceeding paras and pattern of assistance approved under the scheme b.
The
cost of breeder seed lifted by NSC and SFCI, as per allocation made by the DAC, for
production of foundation seed will be reimbursed to them by TMOP&M as per the uniform
rates of breeder seed fixed by DAC c.
The
assistance @ 30% of the cost of seed limited to Rs.800/- per quintal whichever is less
will be available for distribution of seed of oilseed, pulse and maize crops covered under
ISOPOM on certified seed supplied to farmers through own retail outlets and authorised
dealers by NSC and SFCI. Similarly, the assistance @ 25% of the cost of seed limited to
Rs.600/- per quintal, whichever is less, will be available for distribution of truthfully
labeled seed of oilseeds, pulses and maize to NSC and SFCI only on seed produced under
Crash Programme. NSC and SFCI will reduce the retail price of the seed to the extent of
assistance provided. To ensure that this benefit passes on to farmers in full, each seed
packet must indicate -
the retail market price of the seed (without subsidy) -
rate of subsidy -
net retail market price after subsidy d.
The
subsidised certified/TL seed will be supplied only in ISOPOM districts e.
An
annual Action Plan will be prepared by NSC/SFCI/KRIBHCO for production and distribution of
seeds of oilseed, pulses and maize and will be submitted to TMOP well in advance for
approval. The programme will be taken by these agencies as approved by the Division 2.8.2
Transfer
of Technology a.
For
demonstrating improved crop production technology on farmers’ fields, block
demonstration programmes will continue during X plan b.
In
these demonstrations, besides testing the particular variety, judicious use of inputsd and
production technologies emphasis may also be given on oilseeds, pulses and maize based
cropping systems, inter-cropping etc. c.
Monitorable
targets may be laid down for each demonstration based on local conditions and constraints.
The specific recommendations, emanating from research and frontline demonstrations, be
included under block demonstrations d.
The
size of each demonstration will be 5 ha in a compact area to the extent possible. All
fields selected not necessarily are contiguous. If requisite area is not available in one
village, fields may be selected in adjoining villages e.
In
hills and hilly tracts, demonstration size should be smaller 1 ha f.
To facilitate participation by maximum number of
beneficiaries, individual beneficiary should not get the benefit of inputs for more than 1
ha : for hilly areas it may be restricted to a maximum 0.2 ha g.
Selection
of farmers’ fields should be done with care and bench mark data should be maintained
to highlight the increase in production and productivity as a result of application of
improved technologies. h.
Identification
of beneficiaries and positioning of inputs for demonstrations may be done well in advance
of sowing season i.
The demonstration will be organized in a district on
rotational basis changing the block, villages and beneficiary farmers from year to year j.
In demonstration villages, in addition to the demonstration
plots, some adjacent plots, not covered by demonstration, may also be brought under study
as control plots for comparing the performance of demonstration plots vis-à-vis
controlled plots k.
New
varieties/hybrids will be invariably incorporated in these demonstrations. Only
varieties/hybrids released or identified by ICAR/SAUs after testing are to be taken up in
these demonstrations l.
Only certified seed will be used in case of notified
varieties/hybrids. Truthfully labelled seed produced under seed village programme/crash
programme can also be used. m.
Financial
assistance is to be given only to be given only to the extent of 50% of actual cost of
inputs supplied, subject to the crop-wise limits given in the pattern of assistance.
Labour costs, land rent/revenue, irrigation charges, inputs used by farmers with their own
resources are not to be taken into account for subsidy n.
A
display board will be put on the road clearly indicating the details of the block
demonstration. A register on block demonstration will also be kept at Panchayat level to
help Panchayat in dissemination of the technology. In addition, some local publicity may
also be made through various media o.
The
demonstrations will be linked with farmers training/field days for which funds have been
provided separately under relevant component p.
The
Extension functionaries should closely supervise these demonstrations and provide
requisite technical advise to farmers regularly. Scientists from local research
stations/extension centres of SAUs, KVKs etc. should be closely involved in conduct of
demonstrations and farmers training q.
Results
will be analysed and evaluated and given wide publicity through distribution of leaflets
and other mass communication media. A consolidated report of demonstrations
(district-wise) conducted, results obtained and their impact will be furnished by SDAs to
DOD, i. Block Demonstrations of Polythene Mulch Technology in
Groundnut by SDAs a.
Use
of polythene sheets as mulch in groundnut is reported to have increased groundnut yields
to the extent of 92.1% in b.
Accordingly
ICAR has recommended Polythene Mulch in Groundnut (PMG) technology to be demonstrated to
the farmers for adoption in following situations/states: -
rice fallow residual moisture situation in Orissa. Tamilnadu, -
summer irrigated situation of Gujarat, -
low temperature areas of -
command areas in rabi/summer particularly under Tungabhadra
Project where groundnut is grown during November. c.
The
size of each demonstration will be one ha. For conduct of demonstration, besides 50%
subsidy on inputs as provided for block demonstration a subsidy to the extent of Rs.3000/-
per ha is also provided for polythene mulch sheet d.
Only
bio-degradable polythene mulch sheets are to be used in demonstrations e.
Amalgamation
of PMG demonstrations with the block demonstrations is advisable for better management of
the demonstrations and impact presentation to farmers f.
Other guidelines given for block demonstrations are to be
followed for PMg demonstrations also. i.
Frontline Demonstrations By ICAR i.i
Frontline demonstration on production potential to demonstrate on farmers
fields on small scale (demonstration size 0.4 ha) with latest varieties, improved
production technologies to tackle locations specific constraints under different
agro-climatic regions i.ii
Frontline demonstrations on improved
agricultural machinery a.
Training
and demonstration of the efficacy of improved implements to farmers b.
Organise
training of village artisans and subject matter specialists in use, repair and maintenance
of improved machinery i.iii Frontline
demonstration on discipline oriented programmes : It covers cropping systems,
efficiency of Rhizobium inoculation, application of micro and secondary nutrients, and
balanced fertilization, etc. i.iv Frontline
demonstration of Polythene Mulch Technology in Groundnut (PMG) By ICAR Provision has also been made under ISOPOM
for conduct of frontline demonstrations (0.4 ha each) of the improvisations in PMG
Technology on farmers fields by ICAR with an assistance limited to Rs.8000/- per ha
(inclusive of the assistance for polythene mulch @ Rs.3000/- per ha i.v Concurrent
evaluation of implementation of frontline demonstrations by AFC Ltd. has indicated that
linkage and interaction between organising agencies (Zonal Coordinators) and SDAs is weak
and needs strengthening. A list of addresses of the Scientists/TOT Coordination
Units/Research Institutions/SAUs and their Centres/KVKS responsible for conduct of these
demonstrations in their respective States is given in Annexure-V. i.vi SDAs may maintain a close liaison
with them for conduct of these demonstrations, training of farmers and extension workers
and evaluation of results. The specific recommendations emanating from these
demonstrations should be given wide publicity and form the key thrust in large sized
demonstrations being organized by SDAs. Similarly, SDAs may also take steps to arrange for
mass scale production of improved agricultural implements, tested and demonstrated
successfully, through their agro-industries corporations, rural artisans and other
cooperatives. iv. Demonstration
on Integrated Pest Management ( a.
To
avoid large scale use of chemicals in plant protection, emphasis and thrust has been given
on an integrated approach involving alternative techniques and options available to keep
the pest population below economic threshold level level (ETL) and use chemicals as a last
option for pest control. b.
The
broad strategy for Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPM) consists of the following: -
Use of varieties resistant/tolerant to pests and diseases -
Cultural practices like summer ploughing and destruction of
stubbles/crop residues; trimming of bunds; proper preparation and levelling of fields;
timely sowing, proper crop geometry; seed treatment; proper soil; water and weed
management; rotation with non-host crops, harvesting of crop at right stage and under
right conditions, raising trap crops as border/intercrop -
Regular monitoring of pest situation vis-à-vis their natural
enemies (inseets, spiders, predators, pathogens), weather, culture and field conditions
are essential to observe pests build up for taking rational decision. The use of yellow
stickly traps, pheromone traps, light traps needs to be promoted for monitoring the pest
population -
Mechanical control through collection and destruction of egg
masses, larvae and adults; use of light traps for trapping adults of insects which are
attracted towards light; digging trenches around the fields during severe outbreak,
vegetative traps placed at field-border and between plant rows have also been found
effective in trpping certain pests -
Biological control by conserving naturally occuring parasites,
predators and pathogens. For attracting predator birds of insects bird-perch stands could
be set in fields. Some bio-agents are now available for control of some major pests. These
are pest specific and not injurious to other flora and fauna -
Use of pesticides has to be need based and on the basis of ETL
as a last resort. Anumber of neem based chemical formulations are now available in the
market which have been found effective against certain pests in these crops. However,
before procuring them, their quality, effective concentration, shelf life and efficacy may
be ascertained. v.
The farmers field school approach for IPM demonstrations envisages season long
training and motivation for community/group action involving entire farming community in
the demonstration area which is the key to success of IPM technology. For day today
monitoring of pest situation, regular communication between farming community-technology
resource persons-input and financial support providing agencies is a must. The liaison
persons have to be found among the farming community itself. Voluntary organisations can
play a very useful role in this regard. i.
IPM demonstration shall have to be
organised in a compact area of 10 hectares. Guidelines given for general demonstrations
supra may be followed for selection of area, beneficiaries, etc. However, to get tangible
results and clear impact of the technology demonstrated IPM demonstrations may be taken in
same field for two consecutive years. ii.
Assistance for NPV @ Rs.22680/- per
demonstration (the break-up of Rs.22680/- is given in Annexure-VI) has been provided under
ISOPOM for conduct of IPM demonstrations on farmers fields an the iii.
Use of Bio-agents at different
stages of plant growth. Bio-agents use for gram and pigeonpea mustard, groundnut and
soybean as recommended iv.
State Department of Agriculture
(SDAs) may draw action plans for IPM demonstrations in consultation with their SAUs, other
ICAR Research and Extension Institutes, Central Integrated Pest MANAGEMENT CENTRES AND
CENTRAL Biological Control Laboratories of Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine and
Storage. Copies of action plans drawn may also be sent to TMOP&M v.
The Extension Functionaries should
closely supervise these demonstrations and provide requisite technical advise to farmers
regularly. Scientists from local research stations///extension centres of SAUs, KVKs etc.,
should be closely involved in conduct of demonstrations and farmers training. vi.
Results will be analysed and
evaluated and given wide publicity through distribution of leaflets and other mass
communication media. A consolidated report of demonstrations (district-wise) conducted,
results obtained and their impact will be furnished by SDAs to TMOP&M and concerned
Director etc. For kharif season report may be sent by the first week of February and for
the rabi season by the first week of July. Impact evaluation studies should be taken up in
subsequent crop seasons/years to assess to what extent technology demonstrated is actually
adopted by the farmers beneficiary. If not, the reasons and measures needed to remove
constraints/bottlenecks may be analysed and adopted. 2.8.3
OTHER COMPONENTS 2.8.3.1 Plant protection chemicals The assistance for P.P. chemicals/weedicides to the extent of
50% of the cost of chemical limited to Rs.500/- ha has been provided to control any out
break of pests and diseases above ETL levels. 2.8.3.2 Plant Protection Equipment The assistance on P.P. equipment is available under the Scheme
@ 50% of the cost of equipment subject to maximum limit of Rs.800/- per equipment for
manually operated and Rs.2000/- per equipment for power operated sprays hand dusters. 2.8.3.3 Weedicides District/region-wise specific areas for specific weeds
identified by the state will also be tested by laying out the trials and accordingly the
component will be applicable to maximum weed (monocotyledons/dicotyledons) prone areas.
The assistance for weedicides to the extent of 50% of the cost of chemical or Rs.500/- per
ha which ever is less will be given. 2.8.3.4 Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) To arrest the podborer(heleothis) menace in gram and arhar,
HaNPV @ 350 LE per ha in arhar and 250 LE per ha in gram sprayed at 10-15 days interval
during early stage of life cycle (I&II instar) have exhibited to increase production
by 37% and 24.3% respectively. Farmers have been using mostly urea being a cheapest
fertilizer which helps in foliage formation, thereby inviting insect/pest problems.
Therefore, it becomes necessary to use balanced fertilizers with organic manures for
better seed setting and improved oil content and its quality. However deficiencies of
secondary nutrients like calcium and sulphur in groundnut, sulphur in other oilseeds and
pulses and maize and that of micronutrients in all these crops also affects their
productivity adversely. Similarly, in upland areas soil acidity and in low lying and water
logging prone areas soil alkalinity/salinity affects adversely growth and yields of these
crops. Assistance has therefore been provided under ISOPOM for supply of following
critical inputs to the farmers: i. Gypsum/Pyrite/Liming Agents Distribution a.
Gypsum/Pyrites/Rock
Phosphate are the cheapest sources of important secondary nutrients. Its application is
known to increase both production and oil content in oilseed crops and yield and quality
of pulses and maize. Gypsum application requires special attention and thrust because
farmers are using mostly non-sulphur containing fertilizers like DAP and mixtures. High
transport costs are stated to be one of the major constraints in making available Gypsum
to farmers. Therefore, an assistance of Rs.500/- per ha to meet the transport costs have
been provided. b.
It
has been observed that supply of Gypsum in most of the States is inadequate. SDAs should,
therefore, take up necessary steps for timely assessment of requirements, stocking at
distribution points and also to launch campaigns to popularise its use. c.
In
acidic soils of uplands of A.P., Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal,
etc an assistance @ Rs.500/- per ha is provided for application of liming agents like
dolomite/lime recommended to neutralise acidic effect to increase production. While
application of gypsum/pyrite is recommended for correction of soil alkalinity/salinity
observed in many parts of the ISOPOM states an assistance @ Rs.500/- per ha is provided
for application of liming agents like dolomite/lime. d.
However,
the rate of assistance on gypsum in case of ii. Rhizobium Culture and Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria
(PSB) Rhizobium Culture is one of the cheapest input in increasing
production of leguminous crops like. Treatment of seed with culture helps in fixation of
atmospheric Nitrogen through its symbiotic activity. The treatment is particularly,
beneficial in areas where groundnut and soybean are a new introduction. PSB has a capacity
to release Phosphorus and has been recommended as one of the low cost inputs for all
crops. It helps to reduce nearly 20% of phosphatic fertilizer input to crops. Following
precautions are necessary while recommending the treatment of seed with these cultures.
c.
It
should not be stored in places contaminated with either pesticides or fertilizers. d.
Culture
strain specific to crop e.
Culture
treatment should be done on the same day or the night previous to day of sowing f.
Most pesticides are toxic to culture. Thiram is the least
toxic fungicide and dieldrin least toxic insecticide. If these chemicals are used, culture
treatment (slurry-inoculate) be given to seed (after pesticide treatment) with double the
normal dose. In groundnut, seed-bed application is recommended whenever pesticides are
used. g.
Slurry-inoculated
with Rhizobium Culture should never be mixed with super-phosphate as this is acidic and
will kill the bacteria. In case of PSB, in acidic or alkaline soils, treated seed may be
sown after coating with calcium carbonate or gypsum h.
SDAs
may also take action for production and popularization of some efficient strains of
Rhizobium and PSB i.
PSB can be mixed with Rhizobium. The bio-fertilizer should be
mixed in equal quantity and applied as mentioned above. The response to PSB is very good
in acidic soils. j.
An assistance of 50% subject to a miximum of Rs.50/- per ha
has been provided for supply of Rhizobium/PSB culture to farmers. 2.8.3.6 Distribution of Sprinkler Sets The oilseed, pulses and maize crops are being grown mostly
under rainfed condituons and, as a result, are likely to suffer from vagaries of weather.
With a view to use the available water judiciously/economically to cover maximum area, and
to provide irrigation atleast at critical crop growth stage, the sprinkler mode of
irrigation has been introduced in oilseeds crops. This is the ideal mode of irrigation for
undulated topography where flow irrigation is not possible. It also helps in controlling
several pests/diseases and damage due to frost bites. Keeping in view the growing demand
for sprinkler sets, the financial norms have been changed for the current year.
Accordingly, the revised rates of assistance are given as under. i.
50% of the cost or Rs.15,000/-
whichever is less to small and marginal farmers, Scheduled Caste/Tribes and Woman farmers ii.
33% of the cost or Rs.10,000/-
whichever is less to other categories of farmers iii.
The States are at liberty to
prescribe lower rates of assistance, as is being done in the State of iv.
Strict quality control based on
latest BIS standards prescribed for variuos components of the sprinkler sets, must be
observed 2.8.3.7 Training of Farmers i.
Training is an effective tool for speedy transfer of technology to the farmers.
Funds have been provided under ISOPOM for organising farmers training programmes @
Rs.15,000/- per batch of 50 farmers per training. ii.
States may link up these training programmes
with the demonstration and seed village programmes also. In seed related trainings the
representative from Seed Certification Agency (Rogueing Inspector) has to be invariably
represented to deliver lecture and discussions with farmers during field visit. i.
The ninber of training to be
organised in each district may be decided on the basis of oilseed, pulse and maize crops
grown in different seasons, area under them and the exposure of the farming community
technology. ii.
Scientists from Research Centres of
ICAR, SAUs, KVKs may be closely involved in these training programmes. Printed literature
may also be provided to farmers in regional language on the improved production technology
being disseminated iii.
To ensure farmers participation in
requisite number, advance publicity may be given to such training programmes in local
newspapers, AIR, farm Bulletins and on TV. 2.8.3.8 Staff And Contingencies i.
Financial assistance to the states for
the special staff sanctioned for implementation of Oilseeds Production Programme (OPP),
National Pulses Development Project (NPDP) and Accelerated Maize Development Programme
(SMDP) earlier by Government of India and continued during the Ninth Plan period and first
two years of the Tenth Plan will be continued during the remaining period of the Tenth
Plan. No new posts will be added to this sanctioned strength. While no purchase of new
vehicles will be admissible under ISOPOMMM. Keeping in view the constraint in mobility of
the functionaries at different levels, states could seek fuuunds for hiring of vehicles
for implementation and monitoring of ISOPOM in the Districts and Field Level under
contingencies. ii.
The Officers identified as nodal
officers/Project Directors for the implementation and monitoring of ISOPOM crops will be
directly responsible for submission of field level report, monitoring and monthly
appraisal etc. to the TMOP&M and its Directorates. The Nodal Officer/Project Director
will be responsible to formulate Monitoring Team having a representative from Crops
Development Directorate assigned the State for periodic field visits for monitoring of
Component-implementation. iii.
The Nodal Officers/Project
Directors will also represent the State in the Annual Research Workshops/conference on
ISOPOM crops. 2.8.3.9 Concurrent Evaluation of ISOPOM At the end of the Tenth Plan an impact evaluation of ISOPOM
scheme will be done by an independent agency to be nominated for the purpose by the
Department. i. Pipes For Carrying Water From Water Source To The Field a.
a
provision for distribution of pipes of 75 mm HDPE have been included under ISOPOM as part
of the existing sprinkler distribution component to carry the irrigation water from one
place to other, eliminate conveyance losses as requested by some of the states. b.
A
beneficiary will be provided to the maximum extent of a length of 210 meters (35 Units of
6 meter each of 75 mm diameter of IS-2786-1989 or IS-14151-1(1994). HDPE Pipes. c.
The
rate of assistance is as below: -
50% cost or Rs.15,000/- whichever is less to SC/ST, small and
marginal, women farmers. -
30% of the cost or Rs.10,000/- whichever is less to other
categories of farmers. ii. Officers Training a.
to
improve the extension system at field level, training to the Officers/Extension workers of
the State Department of Agriculture, TMOP Head Quarters and Directorates of Oilseeds and
Pulses Development etc. is included in ISOPOM. About 30 officers will be trained for 2
days for total assistance @ Rs.16,000/- per training. b.
The
programme contents, selection of trainees will be done by TMOP&M in consultation with
its Crops Development directorates (CDDs). Extension Division of the DAC, SDAs, SDAs, and
Institute where training is to be imparted. The training shall be organized at ICAR
Institutes/SAUs etc. in various aspects of cultivation/PHT/value addition etc. in
oilseeds, pulses, maize and oil palm crops. iii. Foreign Training of Officials With a view to improve knowledge level of officers and keep
them abreast with latest development in oilseeds and pulses globally, a lumpsum provision
of Rs.2.50 Crores has been made for Tenth Plan period for foreign visits and attending
international conferences/training programme concerning oilseeds, pulses, maize and oil
palm crops, study development programmes in foreign countries etc. This will be 100%
funded by the Government of India. iv. Publicity a.
To
establish linkage between farmers & agriculture experts to facilitate quick spread of
latest technologies to farmers, a publicity component has been included under ISOPOM,
Rs.2.00 lakh per state will be given which will be 100% funded by GOI. b.
Component
will have the provision for organization of Seminar/Workshop/Printing of latest
technological packages in vernacular language and other publicity material for
dissemination through mass media including radio and TV broadcasts. v. Involvement of Private Sector a.
To
strengthen the exisitng input supply system and extension support which has weakened
during last few years in the wake of downsizing of the Government and public sector
agencies involved in these activities and also to have active participation of private
sector a provision has been made under ISOPOM for involvement of private sector agencies
including NGOs, farmer societies and Self Help Groups in implementation of ISOPOM
programmes, particularly in the following activities. -
Seed Production -
Extension support. -
Conduct of frontline and block demonstrations, IPM
demonstrations. b.
A
cap of 15% of the allocation for each component has been kept in this regard. This ceiling
could be increased after a mid term review by the DAC. c.
States
Govts. And ICAR may identify the suitable agencies and organize the programmes through
them within the approved frame work of ISOPOM. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
